Azoospermia is a medical condition that refers to the absence of sperm in men. Discussions around this topic often arise when couples are trying to conceive and are unable to do so.
In this blog, we will find out about the condition, its diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment options.
What is Azoospermia?
Azospermia basically comes from “a” which means without and “zoospermia” which means sperm in the Greek language. Sperm comes as the primary part of fertility when couples try to conceive.
Sperm is required for natural conception as it is needed for fertilization of eggs. When the semen is without the sperm, it affects fertility and becomes an issue for couples trying to plan a baby.
Types of Azoospermia
Azoospermia is of two types:
Obstructive Azoospermia – This is the type of azoospermia that happens due to obstruction in the reproductive tract that keeps sperm from reaching the semen. It can happen due to conditions like genetical defects, infection, or post-surgery.
Non-obstructive Azoospermia – In this type, the testicles do not produce enough semen to get it to semen. It can also happen due to genetics, cancer treatment, and other causes.
Symptoms of Azoospermia
Azoospermia may come with certain signs and symptoms that can help in diagnosing the condition. These include:
Infertility – The condition is mostly diagnosed when the couples are trying to conceive. When couples are unable to conceive with unprotected sex, there may be a series of tests that help in diagnosing the condition.
Hormonal imbalance – Hormonal conditions like hypogonadism are often linked to low testosterone levels. This condition can also cause azoospermia as a complication along with low sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and mood changes.
Abnormalities – Certain genetic or acquired abnormalities can affect sperm count in men. Conditions like testicular atrophy, undescended testicles, or other structural defects can impact sperm production and hence, lack of sperm in semen. One may feel pain and discomfort in the area, which may indicate structural issues.
Secondary sexual characteristics – When there is a hormonal disturbance, azoospermia may showcase symptoms like less bodily hair, low muscle mass, and enlarged breasts.
While we are talking about symptoms, it is essential to note that there might not be any significant or noticeable changes. The main symptom only comes into the picture when couples start trying for the baby but are unable to succeed.
Azoospermia Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing the condition may involve a thorough evaluation by a specialized fertility doctor or a urologist. It will involve physical evaluation along with a series of medical tests to reach a conclusion.
It may also need detailed imaging to figure out any structural abnormalities that may be causing the disruption.
Azoospermia treatment options include a variety of options depending on the cause. The common treatment modalities include –
Medical intervention – If azoospermia is caused due to hormonal imbalance, your doctor may prescribe hormonal replacement therapy to restore hormonal levels. It might further impact sperm production and resolve the issue.
Surgical intervention – When structural abnormalities are a concern like an obstruction, surgical remedies might be the way to go. Surgical correction may help rectify the issue and further resolve the issue.
Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) – In men where sperm in semen cannot impregnate their partner, techniques like ART can come in handy. They may use different techniques for sperm retrieval, which can help in the fertilization of eggs with other medical techniques.
Lifestyle changes – Making lifestyle changes can help in getting fitter, which may work in favor of sperm production. It can be done by limiting alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and so on.
The doctors may add other therapies like antioxidants or supplements to help the cause. It is important to consult a sexologist or a physician to get proper treatment for the condition.
Bottom Line
Azoospermia can be a major issue for couples trying to conceive. It can be linked to various genetic and medical issues. The good news, however, is that the condition can be managed with advanced technologies available now.
It is important to talk to a doctor and find out about your issues that may further lead to an accurate diagnosis. Many couples are able to fulfil their desires with medical interventions.